Palm Essay -- essays research papers

Hawkins is an pay offor, and he walked away from arrangers because he aphorism cell phones were everywhere and wanted to invent the best voice based application. He new there was a need for an application that could combine all the features of the mobile communication and organization shaft of lights in the grocery today. I recall he was not only creative, but very smart about the market place, because, he foresaw that PDAs were meet commodities. The price, at which PDAs were being sold, would severely cramped margins of any company expecting large returns from these devices. Every soul on the block could now hit off a version of a Palm Handheld, Hawkins found a complimentary market, and handspring was nimble enough to blink of an eye all the big players to that market.The Treo is the hottest device on the market because it was first to market, and has very little competition. It appears that the advance features of the Treo blows away the competition when it comes to pro viding a small convenient tool that replaces all the other gadgets. I believe the main competitive advantage is that the Treo wasnt tied to one specific carrier by contract, so they were up to(p) to build a network of gross sales through their affiliation with different cellular carriers. Another competitive advantage of the Treo is the fact that its not a phone masquerading as a PDA or even a PDA trying to be a cell phone. The Treo was designed from the ground up to be more than a phone, bandage I believe the phone makers are trying to... Palm Essay -- essays research papers Hawkins is an inventor, and he walked away from PDAs because he saw cell phones were everywhere and wanted to invent the best voice based application. He new there was a need for an application that could combine all the features of the mobile communication and organization tools in the market today. I believe he was not only creative, but very smart about the market place, because, he foresa w that PDAs were becoming commodities. The price, at which PDAs were being sold, would severely cramped margins of any company expecting large returns from these devices. Every person on the block could now knock off a version of a Palm Handheld, Hawkins found a complimentary market, and handspring was nimble enough to beat all the big players to that market.The Treo is the hottest device on the market because it was first to market, and has very little competition. It appears that the advance features of the Treo blows away the competition when it comes to providing a small convenient tool that replaces all the other gadgets. I believe the main competitive advantage is that the Treo wasnt tied to one specific carrier by contract, so they were able to build a network of sales through their affiliation with different cellular carriers. Another competitive advantage of the Treo is the fact that its not a phone masquerading as a PDA or even a PDA trying to be a cell phone. The Treo was designed from the ground up to be more than a phone, while I believe the phone makers are trying to...

In the Details :: Personal Narrative Writing Papers

In the Details I started taking a fiction sectionalization at just the right moment in my life. It was a genre I had neer been good at, and had even been afraid of since that day J.C. laughed at my sad attempt to write a short story about a lesbian returning home to the South, only to be welcomed by a non-accepting mother, who entirely but condones it when a man rapes her to teach her how a woman is supposed to be. Of course, it was an awful story, but it was agony to write. The dialogue was so forced, as I tried to spell it the way I heard it in my head, tried to capture inflections and drawls and pauses. In the end, it read more like a cartoon, and no one could sympathize with my character when she got drunk, got in his truck, and didnt scream for help or fight him off. The plot was thin, none of the characters had any motivation, and the devices I tried to use were not working.I learned then that fiction had these elements for a reason. In order to craft a good story, I had to learn to use the tools. In essays and poetry, all these things had never seemed important to me. They were usually crafted because of an idea, and I could execute that idea without worrying about literary devices or symbolism, or other large concepts. My sole needs for my piece of writing had always been voice, subtlety, and sometimes, alliteration. Fiction was much harder than I had previously thought. It wouldnt be until the effluence of 2001 that I would try my hand at it again. I decided that spring to take an introductory fiction class at a community college. By that time, I was actually making a living as a writer (albeit a technical writer), and I was comfortable in every other aspect of my writing, but I was still afraid of fiction.It must guide come at just the right time for me. Within a week after I joined the class, I was downsized at the company I had worked at for two years. My whole department was just not needed anymore, although we were the only ones writ ing the training for new employees. So, with nothing but time in my day between Internet searches for new jobs and calls to recruiters, I began to write some stories.

Essay on The Awakening -- Chopin Awakening Essays

Critical Views of The Awakening The Awakening, written by Kate Chopin, is full of ideas and ground about human nature. In Chopins time, writing a story with such great attention to brutal details in both men and women caused disbelief among readers and critics. However, more critics have different views with deeper thought given to The Awakening. Symbolism, the interpretation of Ednas suicide, and awakenings play important roles in the analysis of all critics. Symbolism in The Awakening is see in many ways. It is important to understand the meaning of each explanation of symbolism given by every critic to fully appreciate the novel. Art, for example, becomes a symbol of both freedom and failure(Wyatt). It is through the process of trying to become an artist that Edna reaches the highest point of her awakening(Wyatt). Clothes are also significant in discovering symbolism. When Edna is eldest introduced she is fully dressed. Gradually, she disrobes until finally she goes into the water to die, completely naked. Her undressing symbolizes the shedding of societal rules in her life, her growing awakening, and it stresses her physical and external self(Wyatt). Two modern critics, Neal Wyatt and Harold Bloom, agree that Edna is symbolized for her quest for self-discovery or self-hood. Edna feels caged, which makes her quest very difficult. The use of birds in the story helps the reader understand Ednas feeling of entrapment and the inability to communicate(Wyatt). Much like the shedding of clothes, birds symbolize freedom and ply from being caged. The ability to spread your wings and fly is a symbolic theme that occurs often in the novel(Wyatt). Many readers do not like the ending... ...r that many people of her time found unladylike or even perverted. However, as time has passed and readers as well as critics find it easier to talk about sensual emotions, Chopin is now known as one of the most respected and brilliant writers that ever lived. Women had t he feelings she wrote about and life was as discriminating as she described it, provided only Kate Chopin had the courage to tell about it. Critics have given deep thought to The Awakening and with each analysis one reads, comes a new and eccentric awakening. Works Cited Gilbert, Sandra J. The Novel of the Awakening. Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views The Awakening, Kate Chopin Rosowski, Sandra M. The Second Coming of Aphrodite. Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Views Kate Chopin Chelsea House New York, 1987. Wyatt, Neal. Suicide. http.//www.vcu.edu/engweb/eng384

Do the media ‘construct’ social reality, or does it simply report on it

It is often suggested by scholars that the world and in all its content is ambiguous, there is no universal meaning, nothing can be interpreted the same way. Opinions are constantly clashing and facts somehow constructed, or tempered during the processes of news production. News becomes the fictions of naturalism it becomes a way of story telling, made to the taste of the viewer, depending on the society of course. The same stories carry different values depending where when and how the stories are broadcasted, I will be talking about this in this essay. There are two approaches to report a piece of news the realist, purely factual no interpretations given and genuinely clear in usage of language. This method differs to that of the constructionist, in which events or situations are carefully analysed, and I will be talking about the implication of media constructed cordial reality.Leaders who disillusion their followers live shorter politician lives than who learn to represent si tuations to their best political advantage (Bennett, 2007 p.111) here Bennett is almost suggesting that audience prefer to bring in politically incorrectness over the truth, which could be troubling. It is true in terms of politics that politician are not always completely faithful to their promisesScheufele sited Entmans definition of framing as a scatter of conceptualization (1999), Conceptualization is the process of inventing or contriving an idea or explanation and formulating it mentally or an elaborated concept framing is an extension of agenda setting it set up a specific idea for an audience to believe in, audience is somewhat fooled into evaluate one side of the story, and usually, they are unable or find it difficult to accept... ... Television in British Politics Media, Money and mediated Democracy. Hampshire Palgrave Macmillan. Glasser, T.L. (ed.) The Idea of overt diaryism. Chapter one. New York Guilford Press.Luhmann, N. (2000) The Reality of the Mass Media. C ambridge Polity Press.Richardson, J.E. (2007) Analysing Newspapers an Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. New York Palgrave Macmillan.Journal articlesBarnhurst, K.G. and Mutz, D. (1997) American journalism and the decline in event-centred reporting, Journal of Communication. 47 (4) 27-53Scheufele, D.A. (1990) Framing as a theory of media effects , Journal of communications. 49 (1) 103-122LinksAlJazeera English (2010) China ban on dog midpoint draw angry outcry February 08 available at http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZLLhd_0p_c http//www.thefreedictionary.com/conceptualization

Characterization in Oedipus the King Essay -- Oedipus the King Oedipus

Characterization in Oedipus Rex The dialogue, action and motivation revolve about the characters in the story (Abrams 32-33). It is the purpose of this essay to demonstrate the types of characters present in Sophocles tragic drama, Oedipus Rex, whether static or dynamic, whether flat or round, and whether protrayed through showing or telling. Werner Jaeger in Sophocles Mastery of Character Development pays the dramatist the very highest compliment with regard to character development The ineffaceable impression which Sophocles makes on us today and his imperishable commit in the literature of the world are both due to his character-drawing. If we ask which of the men and women ofGreek tragedy have an independent life in the imagination obscure from the stage and from the actual plot in which they appear, we must answer, those created by Sophocles, above all others (36). Surely it can be said of Sophocles main characters that they grow beyond the two dimensional aspect into re ally rounded physical presences. This is done through mostly the showing technique, though the chorus at times is snarly in telling the audience various pieces of information. At the outset of Oedipus Rex the reader sees a king who comes to the door full of curiosity Explain your mood and purport. Is it misgiving /Of ill that moves you or a boon ye crave? When the priest has responded that the people are despairing from the effects of the plague, the king shows another dimension to his character with his cloudy sympathy for his subjects Ye sicken all, well wot I, yet my pain, /How great soever yours, outtops it all. Shortly thereafter a second round character makes his appearance on stage in the pers... ...and Creon become so later in the tragedy. Rarely does the dramatist use the chorus to convey information most of this comes from exchanges of dialogue, which would be the showing technique. WORKS CITED Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. New York Harcourt Bra ce College Publishers, 1999. Ehrenberg, Victor. Sophoclean Rulers Oedipus. In Twentieth Century Interpretations of Oedipus Rex, edited by Michael J. OBrien. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Jaeger, Werner. Sophocles Mastery of Character Development. In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1997. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. no pag. http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed new?tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0&id=SopOedi

Characterization in Oedipus the King Essay -- Oedipus the King Oedipus

mentionization in Oedipus Rex The dialogue, action and motivation revolve about the characters in the story (Abrams 32-33). It is the utilization of this essay to demonstrate the types of characters present in Sophocles tragic drama, Oedipus Rex, whether static or dynamic, whether flat or round, and whether protrayed through showing or notice. Werner Jaeger in Sophocles Mastery of Character Development pays the dramatist the very highest compliment with regard to character development The ineffaceable impression which Sophocles makes on us today and his imperishable position in the belles-lettres of the world are both due to his character-drawing. If we ask which of the men and women ofGreek tragedy have an independent life in the imagination apart from the stage and from the veritable plot in which they appear, we must answer, those created by Sophocles, above all others (36). Surely it can be said of Sophocles main characters that they grow beyond the two dimensional asp ect into really rounded physical presences. This is done through mostly the showing technique, though the chorus at times is involved in telling the audience various pieces of information. At the outset of Oedipus Rex the reader sees a king who comes to the door full of curiosity Explain your mood and purport. Is it dread /Of ill that moves you or a boon ye crave? When the priest has responded that the people are despairing from the effects of the plague, the king shows another dimension to his character with his deep sympathy for his subjects Ye descend all, well wot I, yet my pain, /How great soever yours, outtops it all. Shortly thereafter a second round character makes his appearance on stage in the pers... ...and Creon become so later in the tragedy. Rarely does the dramatist use the chorus to convey information most of this comes from exchanges of dialogue, which would be the showing technique. WORKS CITED Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of literary Terms, 7th ed. New York Harcou rt Brace College Publishers, 1999. Ehrenberg, Victor. Sophoclean Rulers Oedipus. In Twentieth Century Interpretations of Oedipus Rex, change by Michael J. OBrien. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Jaeger, Werner. Sophocles Mastery of Character Development. In Readings on Sophocles, edited by Don Nardo. San Diego, CA Greenhaven Press, 1997. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. no pag. http//etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed new?tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0&id=SopOedi

International Change and the Social World Essay

In meeting the demands of a global economy, technological advancements especi entirelyy in the athletic field of telecommunications and information technology are linchpin factors in making possible various transactions faster, cheaper, more reliable and convenient. Needless to say, these technological advances are of import tools if companies and other business ventures are to survive in the digital economy.These technological advancements however, are evolving far too fast which consequently generate pressing problems that ought to be considered. On a preliminary note, the aforementioned rapid technological evolutions pose serious questions if our societal structures can promptly adapt to these changes and more importantly, if we, ourselves can rapidly adapt and be able to integrate for ourselves these changes.In puff with this, what follows is a dissertateion of how such changes affect the global economy. Within this context, the task of this paper is to discuss the effec ts of contrive transformation in social club with a particular emphasis on how it affects the community management systems around the world.Weick and Quinn (1999) contend that changes in the governance of work within societies may either be characterized as discontinuous and episodic or continuous and emergent (p.361).The difference between the two lies in the emphasis on intentionality, planning, management control, and specific outcomes in the former and the emphasis on improvisation, spontaneity, and ongoing action in the latter. The two perspectives stated above break a direct effect in the formation of an organizational framework. This is another way of saying that the manner in which organizational change is perceived supports an gustatory modality of the multidimensional nature of organizational phenomena.The organization of phenomena stems from the human need to conceptually order reality. Such a suffice is ensured through and through the creation or acceptation of a language that may account for the reality perceived by the individual or by the social group. The importance of such a routine stems from its issuance of a fixed and thereby more manageable reality.Such a reality, however, is continuously distorted due to the steady input of new forms of conceptualizations that in addition opt to enable the manageability of reality. Such a process is apparent within the business sector in the gradual wobble from an information- base economy to a knowledge-based economy.The later form of economy recognizes that knowledge occupies a focal point in relation to the function of society. As a result of this, organizations became increasingly alive(predicate) of the need for a knowledge snap in their organizational strategies as they respond to changes in their environment. Knowledge focus refers to the deobjectifcation of knowledge in favour of the computer code of knowledge into systems (Bell, 1999, p.x).Within such an economy, organizational act ors and the complex social interactions that take place amongst them recreate organizations through the continuous process of change. According to Tsoukas and Vladimirou (2001), what makes knowledge organizational is it codification in the form of propositional statements set within a groups collective understanding (p.974). It is important to note that such a process of knowledge codification requires the existence of local knowledge. Within an organization, such forms of local knowledge are evident in the companys culture the suppuration of such is dependent upon the existing organizational framework.Such a point brings to focus one of the main elements of the labour market that determines the existing workforces productivity and performance within a particular society. The reason for such a focus is evident if one considers that the current shift in economy from an information based economy to a knowledge-based economy gives precedence on the role of the members of the workforce in the maintenance of an organizations boilersuit knowledge based culture.In line with this, Davinport (1999) contends that such a culture necessitates a new mode of framing the human outstanding. According to Davinport, it is time to conceive of workers not as human cracking but as human capital owners and investors (1999, p.7). Davinport argues that such a conception is not entirely new since it echoes the conception of the employee as an asset.The difference of such a view stems from the conception of the worker as the owner of the capital since workers are the ones who decide in which field they will contribute the specific talents and expertise they receive within the current market. The organizations role thereby is fixed to the extent that its main role lies in utilizing and developing the skills offered by the members of their workforce. Organizations must thereby adopt new working practices or upgrade workplace skills.An example of this is evident in the content of the Chartered Institute of force-out and Development (CIPD) of the United Kingdom which states that in a mass customisation environment, where systems of production and distribution are readily imitated and leapfrogged, organisations must therefore continually invest in physical and human capital to keep ahead of the game(2001, p.10).As a result of the above stated paradigmatic shift from an information-based economy to a knowledge based economy sure developments occurred within the sparing, political, and technological fields. Such developments are evident in the increase in business competition and the approach of information technologies (Weatherly, 2003, p.2).Political and economic developments are evident in the increase in business competition which is a result of the globalization of trade and key economic sectors e.g. telecommunication, electricity, transportation, financial services. Technological developments, on the other hand, are evident in the advent of information tech nology which can best be seen through the continuous popularity and easy accessibility of the internet.According to Lev (2001), such developments within the above stated fields give way dramatically changed the structure of organizations to the extent that intangibles human capital became the major survey drivers of business within developed economies (p.8-14). The reason for this is evident if one considers that from a strategic perspective it has been noted that fully one-third of the information used to relieve the investment decision is non-financial (Ernst & Young, 1997, p.10).Examples of such factors are quality of management, effectiveness of new product development, strength of market position, strength of corporation culture, and effectiveness of compensations policies (Weatherly, 2003, p.4). Such factors have an overall link to business systems since they are partially if not fully determined by the companys culture maintained by its overall organizational framework. Fu rthermore, since the above stated factors are considered in the determination of investment decisions, it also follows that they have a direct effect in terms of the economic conditions of a business organizations and hence the economic side of society as a whole.As was stated above, one of the defining factors of the current paradigm shift within the market can be traced from the shift of importance from the tangible assets to the intangible assets.Tangible assets consists of financial assets financial capital and physical assets e.g. property, equipment, and other furnishing whereas intangible assets consists of intellectual capital e.g. patent formulas and product designs and human capital. The focus of this paper from the onset has been to lay down the current transformations of work in the period of globalization. What follows is the specification of how these changes have change society at large.In Work, Self, and Society, Catherine Casey specifies the manner in which changes in work have affected society. Casey (1995) argues that the current conception of work which is defined by the effects of industrial enterprise has turned the worker into a product or a commodity of the market. She states,The convergence of work and virtue (through methodical adherence to ones calling)set in place a type of citizen-worker that would subsequently come to typify modern forms of social organization. In modern society people have defined themselves and in turn have been socially defined, by the type of work that they do in the public sphere. (1995, p.28)In other words, the results of industrialization have led to the commodification of the individual as the individual derives his value from his work. The manner in which this is enabled is further evident in the current shift from an information based economy to a knowledge based economy as the value of the worker is considered to be dependent upon his knowledge. This shows how the nature of work within a post-industri al society has changed to the extent that the market has become dependent upon the mental labour and the mental knowledge of the worker mental labour is considered to be the core of industrial activity (Lawson, Jones, & Moores, 2000, p.99).To a certain extent, one might note that this may prove to be beneficial for individual societies since the aforementioned paradigm shift has enabled the development of regional specialties and economies. Sabel (1999) states that the changes in the work paradigm within the post-industrial society has led to the development and growth of twentieth century variants of industrial districts in Italy, West Germany, Japan, Denmark, Austria, France, and the United States (p. 243).Such an assumption however may be considered as the result of a form of hasty generalization since although such developments have enabled organizations around to world to place greater focus upon the members of the workforce as well as upon the development of industrial distric ts around the world the development of such is expected to pave the way for the industrialization of all countries and hence the development of these countries such developments still place the worker in a disadvantaged position as he remains to be a commodity within the market whose value is dependent upon what the work system prescribes.ReferencesBell, D. (1999). The Axial Age of Technology, Foreword. The Coming of the Postindustrial Society. New York Basil Book.Casey, C. (1995). Work, Self, and Society aft(prenominal) Industrialism. London Routledge.Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, 2001. Raising U.K. Productivity Why People Management Matters.Davenport, T. (1999). tender-hearted Capital What It Is and Why People Invest. San Francisco Doubleday.Ernst & Young LLP. (1997). Measures that matter. Retrieved marching 22, 2009 from www.cbi.cgey.com.Lawson, T., M. Jones, & R. Moores. (2000). Advanced Sociology Through Diagrams. Oxford Oxford U.P.Lev, B. (2001). Intangi bles Management, measurement and reporting. Washington, DC Brookings Inst. P.Sabel, C. (1999). Flexible Specialisation and the Re-emergence of Regional Economies. Modernity Critical Concepts Ed. M. Waters. London Taylor & Francis.Tsoukas, H. & Vladimirou, E. (2001). What is organizational knowledge? Journal of Management Studies, vol. 38, no.7. 973-93Weatherly, L. (2003). Human capital-the elusive asset Measuring and managing human capital A strategic imperative for HR. Research Quarterly, Society for Human Resource Management.Weick, C. & Quinn, R. (1999). Organizational change and development. yearly Review of Psychology, vol. 50 361-386.

Contributions of Rome

All roads lead to Rome. This quote holds much justice as what Rome has left to Western Civilization is brought to light. The roman print made countless contributions to Western Civilization, but a few are the most strong of completely. Rome, the most important civilization to the Western World, left a great legacy, paving the road for the spread of Christianity, pissing the basis for republic, and allowing for a widespread diffusion of culture. though not Romes intention, it allowed Christianity to spread and flourish throughout Western Civilization.Rome, unified under one government, made possible the passing of information very quickly, thus greatly assisting the spread of Christianity. Even in the wake of persecution from such rulers as Diocletian and Maximian, Christianity continued to grow in strength. People were converted daily to this attracting faith. Men bid St. Paul, who earlier becoming a Christian was a heavy persecutor of them, fervently preached the growing fai th, adding more to their numbers.In addition, the cold religion of the Romans made Christianity extremely appealing, as Christianity offered a personal relationship with a deity who offered an everlasting life of beatitude after death. With the weakening government of Rome, the Christian church began to seize the bureau that the separate lost, allowing more and more converts to be won over to the faith. Also, with the rise of the ruler, Constantine, who made Christianity legal, Christianity took the upper hand as Christian laws were passed and enforced.During Romes reign, the spread of Christianity flourished, making way for Christianity to learn from a small following of citizenry to an accepted faith of multitudes. This incredible, though unintentional, contribution forever changed the course of history. The Roman Republic left a form of government similar to the democracy of Greece but with the ability to govern large bodies of people. Rome used a representation method, where senators represented groups of people, allowing for a democracy encompassing a very large population.Developed after the expulsion of the last Etruscan king, Tarqin the proud, this government was meant to prevent the development of a hereditary monarchy and did so until the rise of Augustus. It contained checks and balances to ensure that power was not too highly concentrated, much as the government in the United States of America is today. Unfortunately, the Roman Republic did not last throughout all of Romes glory due to civil unrest, but it did leave an incredible form of government for the rest of humanity to mimic.This form of government would later prove spanking to the structure of the government of the United States of America and many other countries. The republic gave the peoples of a large population a say in political issues, sledding a invaluable gift to the Western World. Romes magnificent size and its unified nature allowed for the spreading of ideas throughout W estern Civilization. Because of this unification of Rome, information moved like it had never onwards.Rome was a melting pot of cultures and customs, bringing together countless ideas to a place where these ideas could quickly be passed around like never before in history. Ideas ran rampant through the Roman Empire, mixing cultures and societies. The military fronts of the Roman Empire formed new cities, furthering cultural diffusion by Romanizing much of the Roman front, therefore leaving a permanent Roman visage. Many barbarian peoples came under the great influence of Rome, which in turn, was passed from generation to generation.Rome left an indelible mark on the Western World through its grandeur and unification. Surely, Rome has had the greatest influence on Western Civilization of all previous civilizations, leaving priceless gifts that should not be forgotten. Rome left cultures, customs, government, politics, and religion, contributions that to this day have greatly influe nced Western Civilization. As Rome expanded on the ideas of the past and bettered them, so should the people of this world expand and elaborate on Romes genius.

Ethnographic Observation

I set out to find a place to get under hotshots skin my observations, not have a go at iting what to fully expect, what I may find. So I decided to look around at what is close to my home that isnt a place I frequent or have even visited at all. Then it came to me, the Starbucks that is that about a mile away is a arrant(a) place for me to observe subjects that I would consider different from myself, seeing as how I consider such obscene prices for coffee ridiculous. Starbucks is a very usual chain of coffee vendors that describe their product as more about quality than what Americans are used to in typical coffee joints.Although I know it is poor technique of me as an anthropologist to have prejudice about any place or pile that may be at that place, but I have to admit I already had set in my mind that these people would be stuck-up more m cardinaly than sense type of people. So upon entering the establishment I decided to blend into as much as possible by ordering one of th eir Grande size coffees, which is serious their base coffee in a medium size. Then, I found a spot in the corner and began to pretend I was reading the newspaper I had brought as a prop to further help me blend into my surroundings.The aroma of the building was very pleasant blend of coffee and various mixtures of chocolate and hazelnut. It too did have a very friendly feel and accepting sense to the whole thing. So after being in Starbucks for approximately thirty saveing I decided I had enough data to discuss my findings. The business definitely drew in a particular social group. It seemed to consist of in the main white males and females that appeared to be in their early twenties to upper twenties. Also most of them seemed to be more affluent to at least upper lower-middle-class status.I came to this conclusion by the vehicles they drove and also the clothing they were wearing. Most of them were adorned in such brands as Columbia and The North Face, which are higher-end w intertime apparel. Most of their vehicles appeared to be if not new only a couple of years of age and were in very nice condition. Most of the groupings were either just singular people or couples coming to pick up either a plain coffee or most of the females ordering some complex espresso or something to that degree. There were a couple of oddities in the data such as a one older couple that came by and also one black male also stopped by to pick up some coffee.Most the behavior I observed was a very insouciant and relaxed as the people seemed to all be friendly and enjoying their absurd priced beverages. Once in awhile someone would recognize a fellow customer and they would proceed to great each other with either a handshake or hug. Spatial arrangement between people was typical of most American norms. They typically had about a person length in between each person making sure not to get to close to bump into one another which is considered rude in this country. I did my resear ch at approximately 1pm to 130pm in the afternoon.I do believe this did influence the type of people I saw in the establishment. If it were early in the morning I believe there would have been slightly older gathering of people breathing out to their respectable jobs. Instead a majority of the customers were college students that were coming in for that mid day pick-up. As for the norms I witnessed they were typical for American establishments, the people working greeted the customers in an almost fake friendly manner that is supposed to comfort and make the customer feel at home in the environment.Then, the customer would reply with what they would uniform to order and then finish by paying for the product, in this case coffee. In conclusion I have to say that for the most part my presumptions were strengthened which is consistent with what I figured would be the case. Although, it isnt entirely fair because I didnt get to truly meet my subjects and understand them fully. I only observed how they behaved in that instance which may have been completely out there norm and even their first time at Starbucks.

Loyalty

LOYALTY In the play as the audience we witness allegiance in two different ways. It put forward be referred as loyalty and disloyalty, but I want to emphasize on loyalty in the concepts of one which the loyalty that audience seeks in a character as a true man and the other one is which the loyalty that the character shows to themselves. In the play we see the loyalty of Macbeth to himself where he murders office Duncan in order to take the crown. This proves his loyalty to his own ambitions and desires. Also murder of Banquo is another example where it is seen that Macbeth murders a loyal friend in order to entertain his crown. Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none (Shakespeare 103)This prophecy from the witches trigger his protection system for upcoming events when he becomes the king and he fears that all told the prophecies will come true. As a result he murders Banquo. Concept of loyalty is referred many times in the play. At the beginning the audience witnesses the dislo yalty of the Thane of Cawdor and his penalisation . This example shows the different understanding of loyalty once more. Thane o Cawdor was a loyal man to Norway, yet because of his position in Scotland he is accepted as disloyal.In the play the most loyal character is referred as Macduff. Loyalty of Macduff is questioned by Malcom. It is myself I mean-in whom I know all the particulars of vice so grafted, that when they shall be opened, baleful Macbeth will seem as pure as snow (Shakespeare 184)In his speech Malcom refers himself as a king worse than Macbeth. He tries to resolve Macduffs cultivate in coming to England. Malcom reviles himself to see the reaction of Macduff in order to learn about his intentions. Meaning if he is a loyal man to his country or not. These evils thou repeatst upon thyself hath banished me from Scotland. O my breast, thy hope ends here. (Shakespeare 187)After this speech Malcom and also the audience trusts his loyalty because he talks about his belov ed country and his lost hopes when he learns the truth about Malcom. This concept of loyalty is what explained as the expectation of the audience from a true man. As a result in the play loyalty is a trait given to a character when they are loyal to the audiences expectations and also to themselves. Shakespeare, William, Macbeth. New York Oxford University Press, 1990.

Doctrine of Double Effect: Consequentialism Essay

The philosophical system of reprise Effect states that it is a morally relevant difference between those grownup consequences we aim and intend to bring about, and those that we do non intend al unitary lull foresee as a likely outcome of our bodily functions. Under received circumstances, it is morally acceptable to risk certain outcomes that would non be acceptable to intend. Though it is al offices wrong to kill innocents deliberately, this doctrine says, it is sometimes permissible to dispense with certain actions to occur understanding that some side effects leave alone be negative. Considering that some side effects involve death, we need to consider the interview of whether it is ever morally permissible to use people as a means to ones end. Warren Quinn attempts to present a deontological personal manner of reckon the dogma of iterate Effect. The configuration of Doctrine of Double Effect prepared by Quinn makes distinctions on moral assessments. In proportio n to consequentialist moral theory, the distinction the Doctrine of Double Effect comprises between mean and merely foreseen consequences does not matter for moral evaluation with the exception of factors that are consequential for production of better outcomes.In Deontology edited by Stephen Darwill, Deontology is a element of ethical teachings centered on the idea that actions moldiness be guided above all by esteem to clear principles. Thomas Nagel suggest that the core idea in deontological thinking is the Doctrine of Double Effect and the inner approximately idea is one ought not in ones actions aim at evil and in this way to be guided by evil (177). Quinn suggests that there are two major problems dealing with the rationality and discrimination between cases when it comes to the Doctrine of Double Effect. In the following exert from Deontology, Quinn gives examples of contrasting cases from modern warfareIn the case of a strategic bomber (SB), a pilot bombs an enemy factory in order to destroy its productive capacity. But in doing this he foresees that he will kill innocent civilians who live nearby. Many of us see this kind of armed furys action as much easier to undecomposedify than that in the Case of the fear Bomber (TB), who deliberately kills innocent civilians in order to demoralize the enemy. Another pair of cases involves medicine In both there is a shortage of resources for the investigating and proper treatment of anew, life-threatening disease. In the first scenario doctors decide to cope by selectively treating only those who can be cured most easily, leaving the more stubborn cases untreated. Call this the direction of resources case (DR). In the contrasting and intuitively more problematic example, doctors decide on a set experimental program in which they deliberately leave the stubborn cases untreated in order to learn more about the nature of the disease. Guinea pig Case (GP).Another pair of medical examples is found in most d iscussions of Doctrine of Double Effect. In the Craniotomy Case (CC) a woman will endure un little the head of the fetus she is trying to deliver is crushed. But the fetus may be safely removed if the breed is allowed to discover. In the Hysterectomy Case (HC), a large(predicate) mother is allowed to die. In the Hysterectomy Case (HC), a pregnant mothers uterus is cancerous and must be removed if she is to be saved. This will, given the limits of on tap(predicate) medical technology, kill the fetus. But if no operation is performed the mother will yettually die after giving birth to a healthy infant. (Darwell 195)In the above case I obviously see that there is a significant difference between the cases. The fetus is not yet a person, and the mother has a right to seek defense from anything that is hazardous to her health. Quinn makes the distinctions that the doctor in Craniotomy Case does not intend to actually kill the fetus he likely would be happy if it survived. In this case it is little difference between the Hysterectomy Case and the Craniotomy Case.Quinn produces a projected way to revive the Doctrine of Double Effect. He recommend that the Doctrine of Double Effect should be reiterated in the following way One to make possible a differentiation between way in which injury comes to a quantity of victims, at least impart, from the agents deliberately connecting them in something in order to further his purpose specifically by way of their being so involved and priceful agency in which either nothing is in that way intended for the victims or what is intended does not contribute to their harm. The overhaul of the Doctrine of Double Effect will produce the result that in the Terror Bomber andCraniotomy examples, the agency involved is the less customary kind, whereas in strategic bomber, Diversion of Resources , and cancerous uterus, the agency is involved is more acceptable kind. This works alongside with the original understanding of the Doctr ine.The majority of military actions would be morally out of the inquiry if the killing of civilians were absolutely forbidden. When factories, naval dockyards, and supply lines are bombed, civilian carnage is inevitable. In these cases, the philosophy of the Double Doctrine of Effect comes into to play. When it comes to this, there is a huge and undeniable gray area for instance, could it be permissible to bomb a hospital in which Osama Bin take is lying ill. In the doctrines most precise form, it holds that if an action has two effects, one good quality and one unpleasant, then the action is morally permissible. The following pursualions must be asked is the action good in itself or not evil is the good effect the only one aimed for the good follows as immediately from the action as the evil effect, and the reason for performing the action was as important as that for allowing the evil effect. Are the consequences good on balance? It is important that it is the excellence of t he good must outweigh the evil of the evil effect.Walzer goes as far to say that the actor should seek out ways to lessen the evil effect, pass judgment risk to his or her self. There is obviously leeway for military judgment here strategies and planners will for reasons of their own weigh the importance of their targets against the importance of their soldiers lives. But change surface if the target is very important, and the number of innocent people threatened relatively small, they must risk soldiers before they kill civilians (Walzer 157). Still if the noncombatants are in harms way due to direct actions of the enemy, or due to the adult noncombatants own choice, the agent is duty-bound by jus in bellos highlighting on distinction to alter his campaign from those otherwise recommended, if those tactics will foreseeable result in noncombatant casualties. Could one claim that the bombing campaign the States set out over Kosovo did not meet the Double Doctrine Effect? Yes, the c ampaign failed to meet Walzers extra requirement because pilots flew high to prophylactic themselves and dropped bombs imprecisely, which resulted in greater civilian casualties.In Just and Unjust Wars, Walzer claims, Double effect is a way of reconciling the absolute prohibition against attacking non-combatants with the ordered conduct of military activity (153). These non-combatants are placed in the category of innocence. Indeed, it is unjustified to kill the innocent, but these victims arent entirely innocent. It can be verbalise that they are beneficiaries of oppression they enjoy the contaminated fruits. In certain cases, it could be understandable but not justifiable. Those who are opposed to this opinion would claim that the children among them, and even the adults, obtain every right to look forward to a long life like anyone else who is not actively participating in war. This is the whole notion of noncombatant immunity, which is not only crucial to war but of any dece nt politics. Anyone who renounces this policy for a moment is not simply making excuses for terrorism, but they are joining the lines of terrors supporters. The act of terror incorporates the deliberate killing of noncombatants as a means to an end therefore, it is not accepted by the Doctrine of Double Effect.The question of direct and indirect effect is complicated by the question of coercion. When we judge the unintended killing of civilians, we need to know how those civilians came to be in a battle zone in the first place. This is, perhaps, only another way of asking who put them at risk and what positive effects were made to save them (159). Do intentions really validate this doctrine? Could it be possible to leave out the intentions and simply judge the rightness or wrongness of an act by its consequences, the way a consequentialist would do? Consequentialist will only choose to perform actions with the best consequences, which ignores our prima facie duties to others. In th is case, the answer would not be sufficient copious for the Doctrine of Double Effect because this doctrine encompasses deontological constraints. Quinn shows in the following account how the doctrine reflects a Kantian ideal of human lodgeThis ideal is given one natural expression in the language of rights. People shake a strong prima facie right not to be sacrificed in strategic roles over which they have no say. They have a right not to be pressed, in apparent violation of their prior rights, into the returns of other peoples purpose.Sometimes these additional rights may be justifiable infringed, especially when the prior right is not terribly important and the harm is limited, but in all cases they add their own burden to the opposing moral argument. (207)The Doctrine of Double Effect gives each individual value, which is not found on the majority of people. Gives individuals rights against being utilize as means to any end.In the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagaski, Between 120,000 and 250,000 civilians were killed. The decision to use this deadly weapon for Americans was allegedly not for revenge but to bring an end to this dreadful war. I would like to believe former president Harry Truman was under the impression that the evil performed would not surpass the greater good that would come out of the action. At that time it was believed that the Japanese were fighting an unjust and aggressive war. In the following exert in Just and Unjust Wars, Walzer has part of commits made by Truman after the decision to drop the Atom bomb in the following We have used the bomb against those who attacked us without warning at Pearl Harbor, against those who have starved and beaten and executed American prisoners of war, against those who have abandoned all pretense of obeying international laws of warfare. We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war (Walzer 264).The shortening of the agony of war was the justification of the use of the atomic bomb. Preside nt Truman claimed that the alternative, an invasion, would have cost unlimited American lives. In his justification, he shows evidence that he believes American lives are more important than the lives of others I definitely do not believe this is the way the Doctrine of Double Effect was suppose to be executed. Now if he was specifically to state that one half of a zillion American lives would have been taken if the war was not stopped, he then can claim the net savings from the terror amounted to around a quarter of a million lives. In the case of valuing American lives more and theirs less, it looks somewhat obvious that the Doctrine of Double Effect was not used properly. Under any circumstances, the use of much(prenominal) a lethal weapon against Americans on American soil could never be justified.Many moral philosophers are not pleased with the Doctrine of Double Effect Jim Holt gives an account of some of their objections in the followingIf you ask the terror bomber why he is killing civilians, he will say, to win a just war might even say that he does not need the civilians actually to be dead, but only to be thought to be dead until it is over to demoralize the other side. If his victims could be miraculously brought back to life after the end of the struggle, he would not object. In this sense, he does not really intend their deaths. If I can kill Saddam Hussein only by shooting him by means of innocent human shield, do I intend harm to the innocent shield or not? (Holt)Is the difference among directly intended effects and inevitable effects a contrived one? The point he is trying to make is that the incidental fatalities of a calculated bomb are just as dead as the intended victims of a terror bomber. This objection brings up another point made by Quinn in relation to the closeness of these situations. it surely matters how close the link is between that which is, strictly speaking, intended and the resulting foreseen harm. If the connection is close enough, then the doctrine should treat the harm as if it were strictly intended.And the reply might go on, the connection is close enough in the cases I have used to illustrate the doctrines negative force (196). In reference to the meaning of closeness, an illustration of closeness was supplied through an example of a glass. Someone could violently heat a glass just for the purpose of hearing the noise made from the initial impact. In cases involving force against something as fragile as a glass, the shattering is to be expected immediately after the action. These two actions form a causal relationship, so the connection seems intangible opposed to conditional.It is morally acceptable to risk certain outcomes that would not be acceptable to intend. The Doctrine of Double Effect has prima facie reasoning in its make-up therefore, it has a strong responsibility to do what is morally acceptable to our own standards. Proponents of Doctrine of Double Effect coincide more with deo ntological views opposed to consequentialist theories. level off though the Doctrine in some cases allowsharm among individuals, they recognize that in real life cases there are events that have sufficient reasoning keister them.Though it is forever and a day wrong to kill innocents deliberately, this doctrine says, it is sometimes permissible to attack a military target with the understanding that some civilians will die as a side effect. Even a dog knows when it is intentionally or accidentally kicked therefore, We can not deny that intentions are of some importance. The question is whether or not the difference can be held up as morally acceptable. For causal critics of the doctrine sometimes seem to suppose that its defenders must be ready to allow killings or harmings simply on the ground that the agency is indirect. But nothing could be further from the truth. The doctrine in no way lessons the constraining force of any independent moral right or duty (203).The Doctrine of Double Effect is centered among the impression of acceptable actions. The quest of good is less appreciated where a significant harm is intended as a means than where it is merely foreseen.The deontologists grasp the idea that one or both of the distinctions between doing and allowing and intended and merely foresee effects scientifically affect what morality approves and condemns. Lying on this outlook, it is of importance morally not just what outcomes we bring about or fail to bring about, but the structure of our agency in this regard. The deontologist theories conflicts in the company of the act consequentialist, who holds that one morally ought always to do an act that leads to an outcome that is not worse than the outcome that would be reached by any other act.Quinn gave an excellent account of the deontological view of the Doctrine of Double Effect, but his theory has flaws. What if the American regimen for an upright decent reason terrorizes the city of Berlin, and they ca n do this effectively by dropping bombs over Toronto? Our government does not strictly intend to include the people of Toronto for the reason that their attachment does not advance our objective if all of the residents were out of town and survived, and our purpose still would have been served. In his reconstruction of the Doctrine of Double Effect, Quinn excludes our acts as indirect agency therefore, the slaughter of the inhabitants of Toronto isparallel to a merely foreseen consequence. I dont believe this exemption is one that he anticipated to make, but it is a loose end that needs further explanation.Works CitedDarwell, Stephen. (2003). Deontology. Malden, MA Editorial solid andorganization.Holt, Jim. Terrorism and the Philosohers. Can The Ends ever justify themeans?2 June 2004.http//slate.msn.com/?id+2064544.Walzer, Michael. (1977).Just and Unjust Wars. A Moral Argument WithHistorical Illustrations. 3rd ed. Basic Books..

A Summary of the Book Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser Essay

Customers, fare critic and competitors ar all praises over McDonalds French heat up for its unique and distinctive taste. However, its taste has nothing to do with neither the potatoes that they use nor their cooking equipment. The source of its distinctive taste has largely to do with cooking oil colour which is a mixture of 7 percent cottonseed oil and 93 percent beef tallow, which also explains why it has more(prenominal) satu orderd fat per ounce than a McDonalds hamburger.They switched to using pure vegetable in 1990 when they started getting criticisms about the high amount of cholesterol in their fries. This move gave them a whole hot challenge on how to maintain the distinctive beefy taste in their fries, which sets them apart from the rest, without using the fat saturated beef tallow. The problem was solved by adding t sensation of voice to their fires. A closer examination of their ingredients will show you natural flavor, which is scarce natural as natural flavor a nd artificial flavor are both man-made. It explains why McDonalds fries, as well as Ameri weed diet in general, tastes so good.The flavor industry is truly secretive when it comes to their clients. They declare it of utmost importance to protect the reputation of these popular brands and understandably so since they would like to give the consumers the impression that the flavors and delectability of their food comes from their kitchens and not from elsewhere.International Flavors and Fragrances (IFF) is the largest flavor comp each in the world, also manufactures the scents of some of the most successful and finest perfumes in the United States. Foods aroma is responsible for 90 percent of its flavor. In fact, the flavor manufactured in these companies are primarily the smell of gases being released by the chemicals we put in our mouths.Researches d one and only(a) by scientists reveal that disposition or preference to certain food or taste is usually formed at the early stages of a mortals life. Aroma or taste, and retentiveness are strongly linked to each other which explain why a particular smell or taste could trigger a persons memory back to childhood, often referred to as comfort foods. This phenomenon is what unfluctuating food bowed stringed instruments, including McDonalds, are banking on in their marketing and promotions. Memory of Happy Meals endure trans juvenile to frequent adult visits to McDonalds.Meanwhile, the author discussed the American ranchers dire predicament in the present market. McDonalds is Americas largest beef purchaser. In the late 1960s McDonalds buy their beef supply from 175 local suppliers, but in their desire to achieve uniformity as its business expanded, they limited their suppliers down to only five. many an(prenominal) ranchers argue that large corporations contract gained control of the market, employing dirty tactics to keep down the price of cows.Chicken McNuggets was formed done an idea of McDonalds chai rman, Fred Turner, in 1979. He wanted a supplier to create a chicken finger-food without bones, about the size of your thumb. The alarming growth rate of poultry in the United States at that time was a threat to the fast food chain whose only products are burgers.After six months of intensifier research, Keystone lab developed a new technology for manufacturing McNuggets, made of reconstituted chicken, composed of white meat, held together by stabilizers, breaded, fried, frozen, then reheated. Its initial test-marketing proved to be so successful that McDonalds hired another company, Tyson Foods, to guarantee adequate supply. The success of McNuggets changed the nations system for raising and processing poultry.Greeley, Colorado is a town where cattle is the main business, and where workers and machines turn large steer to vacuum packed packages. However, the industrialization of cattle raising set about turned one of the nations best-paying manufacturing jobs, into one of the low est paying, the biggest workforce of which are poor immigrants.The working conditions in these meat packing plants were horrible to say the least, endangering the lives of its workers as well as those of its consumers. Presently, meat-packing plants and agricultural field hire poor immigrant workers who are willing to receive lower pay than U.S. citizens. Even in the present time when technology and new systems are available, it hardly improved the working conditions of these workers. They work every day amidst the indescribable stench and dirt, health exposure, injuries, and even death. The different work in meat-packing plants and slaughterhouses are unarguably one of the most dangerous jobs in the planet.Schlosser brought up the presence of E. coli in meat as one of the hazards in the meat packing industry. E. coli bacteria aid military man beings in digesting food, synthesizing vitamins and protects from dangerous organisms. On the other hand, E. coli 0157H7 is a mutated versio n that is harmful and can release a powerful toxin called Shiga toxin. It attacks the lining of the intestines that may result to group AB cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, and low-grade fever.It snuff its deadly when Shiga toxin enters the bloodstream and can lead to kidney failure, anemia, internal bleeding, and destruction of vital organs. Children or elderly with impaired immune systems are more credibly to suffer. Antibiotics do not help and in some cases, even triggers the release of Shiga toxins, after which little or nothing can be done to those infected. different Salmonella virus which requires large doses to cause infection, E. coli 0157H7 requires very little. It only takes a tiny, uncooked particle of a hamburger to contain enough pathogen to kill a person. This can be transmitted from person-to-person.The influence of America has widely spread for most of the twentieth century, as the popularity of movies, CDs, music videos, television shows, clothing and fashion grow st eadily, so does the Americanization of the world. Fast food is one of the most popular American influences which people around the globe actually patronize. Today, the United States has the highest obesity rate of any modify nations. It soared dramatically in pro slew to the consumption and popularity of fast food. The Americans way of eating and living has changed so drastically in the past decades, when people eat more and move less.The popularity and growth of the fast food industry is mainly through their abundance of high-fat, inexpensive meals that are easily available. They have also increased their portion sizes as a way of attracting customers. The popular fast food chains realized that it was easier to increase the size of their portions than to promote healthier eating habits, as it was very difficult to battle eating habits formed early on in life through their own marketing strategies. Even countries such as Japan, whose fast has always been hoped to be the healthies t in the world, succumbed to the fast food influence. As a result, obesity which used to be a rarity in this country has become more common.In 1994, a libel trial begun between McDonalds and two Greenpeace activists, Helen Steel and Dave Morris, where Steel and Morris was being sued by the fast food chain for libel. They were alleged to have spread leaflets and information that were damaging and untrue. Many years later, the court ruled that the information was indeed libelous as Steel and Morris were not able to prove all of their allegations against McDonalds. This trial dragged on for years, until present time, and has put McDonalds in a much worse situation than the two activists, cod to bad publicity.OpinionAt first glance, Fast Food Nation may seem to be a book that is bent on brandishing the fast food industry to be the bad guys. However, this book actually contains a well-researched and factual representation of American lifestyle and eating habits, as well as its remarkabl e influence in the world. Eric Schlosser wrote a compelling picture of the origins of the present American society and the rest of the worlds Americanized way of life.McDonalds have been successful in infiltrating the lives of American consumers and establishing its stronghold in many peoples eating habits. In its aim to provide convenience and fast food to people, McDonalds and the rest of the fast food industry cleverly found a way to give the consumers exactly that, fast food. Just like any other business, is it any wonder that the fast food industry has creatively and cleverly formulated it own strategies and marketing ploys to gain the fickle trust of consumers?Many might wonder, if McDonalds, and the fast food industry in general, should be blamed for the terrible eating habits and obesity that besets many Americans and other nations across the world. I believe that the consumers are partly to blame in this predicament after all, what they put in their and their childrens, mou ths is ultimately their decision. However, I strongly believe that McDonalds, and the rest of the fast food industry, has a very crucial right in putting forth correct and unveiled information about their food products.It is their business and moral responsibility to put the health of their consumers of utmost consideration and importance, over profits. It is understandable for consumers to unwittingly get hooked to these great-tasting fast foods, and realize only later on that they have made a mistake. Clearly, the fast food industry failed to do their jobs in providing correct and ample information, and in resisting the urge of capitalism and profit over the benefit of their consumers, in effect, jeopardizing their lives and exposing the health of your children to grave danger.

What Was the Main Cause of the Financial Crisis in 2007-2009?

The spirit of this essay is to provide an in depth and critical analysis of the fiscal crisis that took place amongst 2007-2009, in particular focusing on some key issues raised by the Foote, Gerardi and Willen paper Why did so some(prenominal) people make so m either Ex Post bad decisions? Whilst there were mevery contri only whening factors, it is clear that a specific few played a particularly dominant role, in the main the Bubble Theory, irresponsible regulation, toxic CDOs and $62 trillion of CDSs. Thats what bubbles are theyre examples of mass delusions (Norcera, 2011).Bubble hypothesiss are by no means a new schooltime of thought, in fact they date back to the Dutch Tulip bubble in the 1630s and it is these types of bubble that are believed, by many economists, to be the primary cause of the foreclosure crisis. The bubble theory explains the crisis as a born(p) progression of overly optimistic price expectations for a particular asset class, recently the US lodgement grocery store. When the housing bubble began to en boastful, lenders were lulled into a false sense of security, which overhaul to large amounts of quotation world widen to sub prime borrowers, people who had shady or uncertified credit history.However due to the inflating house prices the banks seemed to obligate little c at a timern towards the credit being repaid. Although this credit was issued to subprime borrowers through the securitised credit market, securitisation was non necessarily the classical cause of the crisis, but what it did was act as a catalyst al pitifuling borrowers and investors to undertake their desired transactions. With this appetite for essay from lenders and interest consec pass judgment being cut to 1% by the Fed, institutional investors were eager to chase higher(prenominal) returns.The opportunity advance investment banks to anti up their leverage and create a higher manageable product which was directly linked to an ever rising housing m arket. The emergence of Special endeavor Vehicles (SPVs) allowed banks to over leverage and buy mortgages which were then bundled together into a special purpose vehicle, proportions of these were then later on sold off as a Collateralised Debt obligations (CDOs), an investment-grade security backed by a pool of bonds, loans and former(a) assets. The theory behind this SPV was to reduce the lenders liability by pooling hundreds of supposedly ndependent mortgages, meaning that in the event of any mortgage defaults the loss would be contained rather than having a simultaneous effect on the other mortgages pooled inside the CDO. Given that house prices were expected to continue on the bubbles growth path, any losings from mortgage defaults would be naturally offset by house price inflation, or so they thought. at one time the Investment banks had packaged these mortgages they then sought to diversify their liability by selling off the usual funds to external investors, some more b ullish than others and hence the segregation of tranches within the CDO packages.The riskiness of separately tranche was specialised by the order agencies, Standard and Poor/Fitch, which ranged from AAA (the lowest risk, but highest price) to CCC (the highest risk, but lowest price). In the event of any mortgage defaults, the highest rated tranche, the senior tranche, was paid turn up first and any subsequent losses were absorbed by the junior tranches, ie junior tranches were only paid once the other tranches had been paid. Given that the Fed had cut interest rates to 1%, the opportunity proposed by these CDOs became increasingly more attractive.The excessive demand chasing CDOs forced banks to lower their credit requirement standard, which ineluctably lead to subprime lending. This access to the credit markets for those who ordinarily would have been declined credit meant that CDOs were becoming filled with relatively high risk mortgages. This became increasingly problemati c when borrowers began to default on their mortgage payments, the domino effect lead to the collapse of house prices and over 2million foreclosures.This left worldwide investors and banks with failing CDOs who in turn as well defaulted on their payments and lead to a global credit crunch. Even the largest of investment banks such as Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley were so confident in their products that they too maintained large holdings of super senior tranches on their vestibular sense sheets, thus wiping billions of dollars of their balance sheets too. However whilst it is true that the bankers over zealous nature and thirst to maximise net income lead to the breaching of standards and forfeit of reliable credit checks, they were still allowed to do it.This leads to the plausible involvement of the credit rating agencies and the Governments lack of regulation and in some cases irresponsible regulation. A major concern surrounds the actions of US credit rating agencies, namel y Standard & Poor and Fitch. Whilst they may non have anticipated the financial crisis, they, to a large extend suffered from institutional failure. The mathematical models that had been developed and used by the credit rating agencies were scant(p) to deal with and provide accurate data concerning the riskiness of sub prime mortgages.The mathematical modelling teams continue to use traditional out-dated 30 year mortgages to asses the likelihood of default. Mortgages issued after 2004 were based on a dissimilar credit rating tool, know as FICO. A FICO score takes into account 5 factors to help determine a borrowers credit risk, length of credit history and the various types of credit used, the current level of person-to-person debt, credit history, amount of new credit and passed payment history.These new mortgages were typically non documented adjustable rate mortgages and relied on the FICO score. It became apparent that the agencies had minimal concern towards the investors. The rating analysts within the agencies expressed their levels of apprehension towards the reliability of received ratings, but they were cut short and dismissed. The credit rating agencies were simply concerned with maintaining or increasing their market influence by doing their profession and providing the ratings that their clients employed them to generate.In many cases these ratings were later downgraded within 6 months implying that their original job was either done with a lack of due diligence or there was an ulterior creator behind providing a flawless AAA rating. This was highlighted in the residential mortgage backed security genus Delphinus case study where 26 dummy loans were issued that were clearly not of AAA standard, yet sailed through as AAA. This leads us to the issue of the Government and their irresponsible lack of regulation towards preventing a financial crisis.The neoliberalist argument suggests that the US Government was a big player in the demise of the financial sector. The Governments irresponsible regulation of banks allowed the sledding of the Community Reinvestment Act from 1977, the law was designed to encourage commercial banks and savings associations to help meet the inevitably of borrowers in all segments of their communities, including low and moderate income neighbourhoods (Wikipedia). The law actively encouraged low income earners to take out mortgages to buy a house, which in reality they could not afford.To really tempt fate congress later allowed the act to be amended, allowing potential borrowers to opt out of income screening, whence meaning that no credit purity was required to take out a mortgage. It is this link to the CDO market which allowed for such disaster to unravel, had this act not been so irresponsibly been amended, the banks would not have been able to bundle toxic debt and sell it as a repackaged CDO. In fact George Bush Junior actively encouraged it in 2002 when he campaigned for an additional 5 . 5million low income homeowners by 2010.By actively holding interest rates below the well-known monetary guide lines it encouraged mass risk taking, not only was money cheap but low interest rates in addition offered very little return in the banks so investors sought alternatives which lead them to junk CDOs and CDO2s. However these junk CDOs were only half the problem, whilst they were being actively encouraged they were also being bet on and against, implying a magnitude of leveraged risk. In the 1990s J. P. Morgan developed a strategy to put over their loan risks know as credit default swaps (CDSs).Essentially a CDS is a bilateral contract between two parties that provides a level of insurance. A buyer would pay a yearly premium in order to protect the face amount of the particular bond or loan, but the CDSs unalike a traditional insurance policy were subject to counter party risk only. This implication meant that if the counterparty was otiose to pay or had gone insolvent t hen essentially the buyer was no longer covered. What it also allowed for was speculators to gain exposure to markets where they didnt actually own the underlying assets or credits, which they were now betting on.The crux of the matter of the problem arose when CDSs were taken out on the subprime mortgage securities, which had been largely over rated by the ratings agencies, therefore providing false information upon which the investment decision and insurance policies were taken. When the defaults started to roll in the likes of AIG and Bear Stearns had billions of dollars wiped off their books. To decline the problem almost all the major investment banks and investment houses had insurance underwritten by Bear Stearns, which of endure was now insolvent. This domino effect lead to multi billion dollar losses across the globe.The general judgement amongst economists was that financial derivatives and their purpose was to dilute individual risk through risk sharing amid investors. In theory it should create a more efficient allocation of capital and price transparency, it is the mass trading of these derivatives that became problematic and raised a cause for concern. However whilst it is true that CDSs, CDOs, a vast lack of regulation and unfaithful credit ratings all facilitated the collapse in the financial sector, it is not clear that they were the actual cause of the financial crisis.What is more evident of the actual cause is the fact that financial institutions and investors, as a whole did not foresee a collapse of housing prices. The collapse of house prices created mass negative equity and nonessential defaults on subprime mortgages and also the falling face value of the subprime mortgage securitisations. Investment banks were particularly caught by perplexity when the super superior AAA rated tranches of CDOs collapsed in value, given that they had relatively few defaults.Another factor which points to the resolve cause of the financial crises was the levels of excessive leverage combined with large holdings of subprime securitisations. The rapid and unexpected losses from these large investment houses lead to the markets questioning their solvency and so a mass culture of hoarding developed along with a fire sale of assets in order to deleverage their exposure. All this combined resulted in a lunge of cash flow due to market uncertainty and lenders became unwilling to lend. This unfolding of events lead to the CDS and CDO market getting wrapped up and associated with large losses.It is for these reasons that the financial crisis developed and continues to develop implications for the future of the financial industry. References Nocera, Joe. 2011. Inquiry is lacking(p) Bottom Line. New York Times, page B1. January 29 Journal of Economic PerspectivesVolume 24, Number 1 wintertime 2010Pages 7392 Credit Default Swaps and the Credit Crisis Rene M. Stulz Cordell, Larry, Yilin Huang, and Meredith Williams. 2011. Collateral Damage Siz- ing and Assessing the Subprime CDO Crisis. Federal Reserve patois of Philadelphia Working Paper Money morning financial Crisis Inquiry Commission. 2010. Credit Ratings And the Financial Crisis. Pre- liminary Staff Report, June 2, 2010 The Credit Rating Agencies and TheirContribution to the Financial Crisis MAUR ICE MULLARD http//www. investopedia. com/terms/c/cdo. aspixzz2BqfZ28TI Brunnermeier, Markus K. 2008. Bubbles. In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Eco- nomics, eds. Steven N. Durlauf and Lawrence E. Blume, second edition Foote, Christopher L. , Kristopher Gerardi, and capital of Minnesota S. Willen. 2008. Negative Equity and Foreclosure Theory and Evidence.

A Sorrowful Woman by Gayle Godwin

A Sorrowful Wo hu domainness by Gayle Godwin Once upon a time there was a wife and stimulate whizz too many times cardinal winter flush she looked at them the keep up durable, receptive, gentle the peasant a tender golden ternion. The sight of them do her so perturbing and sick she did non want to see them ever again. She told the husband these thoughts. He was attuned to her he understood such things. He said he understood. What would she like him to do? If you could put the boy to bed and read him the point rough the monkey who ate too many bananas, I would be grateful. Of course, he said. Why, thats a pleasure. And he sent her off to bed. The next night it happened again. Putting the warm dishes away in the cupboard, she turned and truism the boors grey eyes approving her movements. In the next room was the man, his chin sunk in the gift collar of his favorite wool shirt. He was dozing after her good supper. The shirt was the grey of the childs trusting gaze. She began yelp without tears, retching in between. The man woke in alarm and carried her in his arms to bed. The boy followed them up the stairs, saying, Its altogether right, Mommy, more(prenominal)over this made her scream. Mommy is sick, the father said, go and wait for me in your room. The husband undressed her, abandoning her only big enough to root beneath the eiderdown for her flannel gown. She stood naked except for her bra, which hung by one convulse down the side of her body she had non the impetus to shrug it of. She looked down at the right nipple, shrivel with chill, and thought, How absurd, a vertical bra. If only there were instant sleep, she said, hiccupping, and the husband bundled her into the gown and went out and came back with a sleeping draught guaranteed swift.She was to drink a weeny glass of cognac followed by a big glass of dark liquid and afterwards there was just time to say Thank you and could you get him a clean pair of pajamas out of the laundr y, it came back today. The next day was Sunday and the husband brought her breakfast in bed and let her sleep until it grew dark again. He took the child for a walk, and when they returned, red-cheeked and boisterous, the father made supper. She comprehend them laughing in the kitchen. He brought her up a tray of nonwithstandingtered toast, celery sticks and black bean soup. I am the luckiest fair sex, she said, crying real tears. Nonsense, he said. You need a rest from us, and went to prepargon the sleeping draught, and the childs pajamas, select the drool for the night. She got up on Monday and moved about the house till noon. The boy, delighted to choose her back, pretended he was a vicious tiger and followed her from room to room, growling and scratching. Whenever she came close, he would growl and scratch at her. One of his sharp minuscule claws ripped her flesh, just above the wrist, and together they pause to watch a thin red notation materialize on the inside of her pale arm and spill over in little beads. Go away, she said. She got herself upstairs and locked the door. She c eached the husbands office and said. Ive locked myself away from him. Im afraid. The husband told her in his richest voice to lie down, take it easy and he was already on the phone to c solely one of the babysitters they often employed. Shortly after, she heard the girl let herself in, heard the girl coaxing the frightened child to conform to and play. And presently the sleeping draught was a nightly thing, she did not have to ask. He went down to the kitchen to mix it, he set it nightly beside her bed.The little glass and the big one, amber and deep rich brown, the flannel gown and the eiderdown. After supper several nights later, she constitute the child. She had hunch forwardn she was going to do it when the father would see. Im sorry she said, collapsing on the floor. The weeping child had run to hide. What has happened to me. Im not myself anymore. The man picke d her tenderly from the floor and looked at her with much concern. Would it help if we got, you go to sleep, a girl in? We could narrow the room downstairs. I want you to feel freer, he said, understanding these things. We have the money for a girl. I want you to say about it. The man put out the word and found the perfect girl. She was young, can-do and not pretty. Dont bother with the room. Ill fix it up myself. Laughing, she employed her thousand energies. She painted the room innocence, fed the child lunch, read edifying books, raced the boy to the mailbox, hung her own watercolors on the fresh-painted walls, made spinach souffle, cleaned a spot from the mothers coat, made them all laugh, danced in stocking feet to music in the white room after reading the child to sleep.She knit dresses for herself and played chess with the husband. She washed and set the mothers soft ash-blonde hair and gave her neck rubs, offered to. The girl brought the child in twice a day, once in t he later afternoon when he would tell of his day, all of it tumbling out quickly because there was not much time, and before he went to bed. Often now, the man took his wife to dinner. He made a courtship ceremony of it, inviting her beforehand so she could get used to the idea. They dressed and were beautiful together again and went out into the frosty night.Over candlelight he would say, l think you are better, you know. Perhaps I am, she would murmur. You look. . . like a cloistered queen, he said once, his voice disruption curiously. One afternoon the girl brought the child into the bedroom. Weve been out playing in the park. He found something he wants to give you, a surprise. The little boy approached her, smiling mysteriously. He placed his cupped reach in hers and left(a) a live dry thing that spat brown juice in her palm and leapt away. She screamed and wrung her hands to be rid of the brown juice. Oh, it was only a grasshopper. said the girl. Nimbly she crept to the e dge of a curtain, did a quick knee bend and reclaimed the creature, led the boy competently from the room. The girl upsets me, said the woman to her husband. He sit down frowning on the side of the bed he had not entered for so long. Im sorry, barely there it is. The husband stroked his creased brow and said he was sorry too. He really did not know what they would do without that treasure of a girl. Why dont you stay here with me in bed, the woman said. Next dawning she energized the girl who cried and said, l loved the little boy, what will become of him now?But the mother turned away her face and the girl took down the watercolors from the walls, casefuled the records she had danced to and went away. I dont know what well do. Its all my fault. I know Im such a burden, I know that. Let me think. Ill think of something. (Still understanding these things. ) I know you will. You continuously do, she said. With great care he rearranged his life. He got up hours early, did th e shopping, cooked the breakfast, took the boy to nursery school. We will manage, he said, until youre better, however long that is. He did his work, collected the boy from the school, came home and made the supper, washed the dishes, got the child to bed. He managed everything. One evening, just as she was on the verge of swallowing her draught, there was a timid knock on her door. The little boy came in wearing his pajamas. Daddy has twilighten asleep on my bed and I cant get in. Theres not room. Very sedately she left her bed and went to the childs room. Things were much changed. Books were rearranged, toys. Hed done some brand- newfangled drawings. She came as a visitor to her sons room, wakened the father and helped him to bed. Ah, he shouldnt have bothered you, said the man, leaning on his wife. Ive told him not to. He dropped into his own bed and fell asleep with a moan. Meticulously she undressed him. She folded and hung his clothes. She cover his body with the bedcloth es. She clicked off the light that shone in his face. The next day she moved her things into the girls white room. She put her hairbrush on the dresser she put a note slug and pen beside the bed. She stocked the little room with cigarettes, books, colewort and cheese. She didnt need much. At first the husband was dismayed. But he was receptive to her needs.He understood these things. Perhaps the ruff thing is for you to follow it through. he said. I want to be big enough to contain whatever you must do. The woman now spent her winter afternoons in the big bedroom. She made a fire in the hearth and put on slacks and an old sweater she had loved at school, and sit in the big chair and stared out the window at bump-ridden branches, or went away into long novels about other people moving through other winters. All day long she stayed in the white room. She was a young queen, a virgin in a tower she was the previous inhabitant, the girl with all the energies.She tried these perso nalities on like costumes, then discarded them. The room had a new view of streets shed never seen that way before. The sun hit the room in late afternoon and she took to brushing her hair in the sun. One day she decided to write a poem. Perhaps a sonnet. She took up her pen and pad and began working from words that had lately lain in her mind. She had choices for the sonnet, ABAB or ABBA for a start. She pondered these possibilities until she tottered into a larger choice she did not have to write a sonnet.Her poem could be six, eight, ten, thirteen lines, it could be any number of lines, and it did not even have to rhyme. She put down the pen on top of the pad. In the evenings, very concisely she saw the two of them. They knocked on her door, a big knock and a little, and she would call Come in, and the husband would smile though he looked a bit tired, yet somehow this tiredness suited him. He would put her sleeping draught on the bedside table and say, The boy and I have done a ll right today, and the child would kiss her. One night she tasted for the first time the power of his baby spit. I dont think I can see him anymore, she whispered sadly to the man. And the husband turned away but recovered admirably and said, Of course, I see. So the husband came alone. I have explained to the boy, he said. And we are doing fine. We are managing. He squeezed his wifes pale arm and put the two glasses on her table. After he had gone, she sat looking at the arm. Im afraid its come to that, she said. Just push the notes under the door Ill read them. And dont give to leave the draught outside. The man sat for a long time with his head in his hands. hence he rose and went away from her.She heard him in the kitchen where he mixed the draught in batches now to last a week at a time, storing it in a corner of the cupboard. She heard him come back, leave the big glass and the little one outside on the door. Outside her window the snow was melting from the branches, t here were more people on the streets. She brushed her hair a lot and rarely read anymore. She sat in her window and brushed her hair for hours, and saw a boy fall off his new bicycle again and again, a dog chasing a squirrel, an old woman look slyly over her shoulder and then extract a parcel from a garbage can.In the evening she read the notes they slipped under her door. The child could not write, so he drew and sometimes painted his. The notes were conscientious at first the man and boy offering the final strength of their day to her. But sometimes, when they seemed to have had a bad day there were only travel rapidly scrawls. One night, when the husbands note had been extremely short, good-natured but short, and there had been nothing from the boy, she stole out of her room as she often did to get more supplies, but crept upstairs instead and stood outside their doors, listening to the regular breathing of the man and boy asleep.She hurried back to her room and drank the dra ught. She woke earlier now. It was spring, there were birds. She listened for sounds of the man and the boy eating breakfast she listened for the roar of the ride when they drove away. One beautiful noon, she went out to look at her kitchen in the daylight. Things were changed. He had bought some new dish towels. Had the old ones worn out? The canisters seemed closer to the sink. She inspected the cupboard and saw new things among the old. She got out flour, bake powder, salt, milk (he ought a different brand of butter), and baked a loaf of bread and left it cooling on the table. The force of the two joyful notes slipped under her door that evening pressed her into the corner of the little room she had hardly space to breathe. As soon as possible, she drank the draught. Now the days were too short. She was always busy. She woke with the first bird. Worked till the sun set. No time for hair brushing. Her fingers raced the hours. Finally, in the nick of time, it was finished one la te afternoon. Her veins pumped and her forehead sparkled.She went to the cupboard, took what was hers, closed herself into the little white room and brushed her hair for awhile. The man and boy came home and found five loaves of warm bread, a roast stuffed misfire, a glazed ham, three pies of different fillings, eight molds of the boys favorite custard, two weeks supply of fresh-laundered sheets and shirts and towels, two hand-knitted sweaters (both of the same grey color), a sheath of marvelous watercolor beasts accompanied by mad and fanciful stories nobody could ever make up again, and a tablet full of love sonnets addressed to the man.The house smelled redolently of renewal and spring. The man ran to the little room, could not contain himself to knock, flung back the door. Look, Mommy is sleeping, said the boy. Shes tired from doing all our things again. He dawdled in a waterway of the last sun for that day and watched his father roll tenderly back her eyelids, lay his ear l ightly to her breast, test the delicate bones of her wrist. The father put down his face into her fresh-washed hair. Can we eat the turkey for supper? the boy asked.

The Comparison Between Recession and Great Depression

THE COMPARISON BETWEEN GREAT DEPRESSION AND RECENT RECESSION AND THEIR EFFECT IN customer SERVICE The gigantic depression had a coarse impact in the get together States economy from 1929 to the upstart 1930s. Many deal lost their jobs, savings, and homes. They were not sure about their future.Also, at the fetch up of 2008, the joined States and galore(postnominal) positive countries faced a prominent recession than had paralleled the Great Depression, such as excessive reference point given to normal citizens (which was promoted by Federal Reserve Bank), irresponsible money spending by the people in the United States that spread to the most countries in the world, the well-worn grocery crash, and the failure of the real order market.Although, the lessons that g all overnments learned from the Great Depression made them to be creative in preventing the 2008 recession becoming other great depression, or at very least try to postpone this issue by macrocosm united to ba il out private firmaments specially financial institutions. It is very interesting that all the developed countries ignored to correct many problems that could prevent the 2008 recession. After the First World War, Germany and many other atomic number 63an countries tried to recover from the great financial damage that was caused by the war.They needed money to rebuild their countries, and the United States started to give excessive line of credits to the above countries. Also, because the United States economy was booming by crop in the industrial sector which brought many people to work for factories and auto makers. Gradually, many companies started to solicited to sell their product on credit instead of cash, and in the beginning of the 1920s , more families were acquiring familiar with getting installment imparts to debauch their needed products. Also, many banks started to loan farmers which brought a great amount of cash go for many farmers.Furthermore, this economy boo m made the rise in the stock market. It was for the first time that the bank was introduced to the stock market, which simply meant that stock misdirecters can borrow money against heir stocks as collateral to buy more stocks. Many citizens borrow a lot of money from banks, and put their own savings to buy more stocks. T his greedy action made a bubble in the stock market and made it soared in 1920s, not because of fundamentals or corporations productions and profits, but for false expectations of stock buyers.Of course, this bubble came to the end at October 29, 1929, that is known as a black Tuesday. In this day stock market was crashed. And over a two years period lost 24 % of its value. Black Tuesday also represents the beginning of the Great Depression during this period many Americans lost their jobs, houses, and farms, because they couldnt afford to pay their installment loans any more. For many years American farmers overplanted their farms, and poorly managed their crop r otations.Between 1930 to 1936, when droughts conditions made a great damage to many farms, and prevailed a cross a lot of Americans plains. Dust bowl was created. The dust storm started to harm some states uniform Colorado, Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, and later on spread cross entire United States. The dust bowl got its name afterwards Black Sunday, April 14, 1935. More and more dust storm destroying plains, up to that year. Before the Great Depression because a lot of European countries started to repair their agriculture in mid 1920s, it created a mass produced and great lessening in farming products.To protect the domestic American farm products against agriculture imports, US government embossed US tariffs to the high level, which is also known as the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of June 1930. Because there was less train for consuming products except food, therefore factories had to fire many of their workers which were another cause to the Great Depression. Primary sector indust ries such as cash cropping, mining and lodging suffer the most. Many Americans were going through a very difficult time and couldnt even afford to buy foods.The shelters were full and America and many countries were filing for bankruptcy. The American dollar and many European currencies were not back up by metal(prenominal) any more. The items like cars which were envisioned a luxury material, and cost fortune at one time, did not worth any more. One of the main other causes for the Great Depression was Failure of the banks around the world including the United States that created by the crashing of the stock market , and filing bankruptcy by all developed countries.Bank couldnt loan no more to their customers therefore they began to collapse and were c flake outd. President Roosevelt tried to offset the economy by creating a lot of jobs in public sector in 1930s by making Hoovers Dam or cleaning streets by the public. This strategy by itself didnt change the economy per se, so b y the end of 1939, there was still no improvement in US economy. The main apprehension for the recovery was in the beginning of 1941. The World War II made many countries in Europe to import again from the United States that gradually created many jobs by reopening major factories.One of the great similarities of the Great Depression and the recent recession were the failure of financial corporations, crash in the stock market which was created by the like reason ( giving excessive margin buying power to stock holders) , and greed by blind drunk people. Although, the booming real state from 2003-07 could be considered as some distinguished factors. There are a lot of lessons we can learn form the Great Depression and recent rescission that deregulating stock market and financial sector and handing an economy to the big corporations doesnt have any consequences but a disaster to average citizens.Customers would lose a lot of their purchase power in a great deal, during recession o r depression. Therefore, companies must sacrifice to drop the value price of their services and products, and do any(prenominal) it takes in order to keep their customers. During this time it is a customer or a buyer market. If the companies lose their consumers to the competitors due to the lack of customer service, it would be very hard to replace that. The margin profit would be very low and it would leave the companies with no choice but to cut the cost and overhead expenses.Companies should consider that the customers are always right and they should be heard at any times. They have to rise up with any creative idea to improve their relations with their customers. In conclusion, we have to learn many lessons from the great depression and the recent recession. With comparing the roots for these two economy disasters, we would have the better understanding that how companies improve their customer service during the financial difficulties for their customers and consumers.

Confirming Alzehimer’s Disease

Running head Confirming Alzheimers infirmity Confirming Alzheimers Disease Carissa Davis Walden University Diagnosis and Assessments 6720 Confirming Alzheimers Disease The Forgetful Mail pallbeargonr Hans is a 66 year old retired government representer that has been dealing with issues related to his store. Hans retired at the age of 60 because he could no longer perform his duties at work properly. The problems with his work performance had been an issue for five years before his retirement. At the age of 62, he could not withdraw the way home while leading a hike in an area he was long-familiar with and knew well.Over time his memory problems have become more noticeable and he even has failed to recognize thoroughly friends. He has become more and more quiet, given up his hobbies and lost interest in the theme and television. His wife is not comfortable leaving him alone because of his memory issues (Butcher, Mineka, adenosine monophosphate Hooley, 2010). Confirm Diagnosis craziness of the Alzheimer Type is a diagnosis of exclusion, other causes for the cognitive deficits must be command out archetypical (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).This diagnosis is normally given after all other potential causes are ruled out by medical and family history, along with a physical examination including laboratory test in some cases (Butcher, Mineka, amp Hooley). Hans has no sign of a medical condition that would be a concomitantor in his memory failure. Hans symptoms do not fit diagnostic criteria (C) for vascular madness or other dementias due to other general medical conditions (APA). After the other possible diagnoses are ruled out then I must insure that Han meets the criteria for dementia of the Alzheimer type.Hans memory failures meet the criteria for A1. His softness to find his way home in an area that he has lived for 40 years meets the criteria for 2(d). The next criteria for this diagnoses requires that the cognitive deficits in A1 and A2 cause significant impairment in social or occupational functioning and represents a significant decline for a previous level functioning (APA, 2000). The fact that his memory failure mandatory him to retire early shows a significant impairment in occupational functioning.Han not recognizing his close friends and well-favored up hobbies shows a significant impairment in social function. There are standardized published rating scales that can be used to measure the severity of impairment (APA, 2000). Criteria D requires cognitive deficits in A1 and A2 are not caused by other central nervous system conditions (1), systemic conditions that are cognise to cause dementia (2) or substance induced conditions (3). The information that I have would lead me to commit that this clients condition is not related one, two or three of criteria D.Criteria E requires that the deficits do not extend exclusively during the course of delirium, which they do not (APA). Criteria F requires the distur bance not to better accounted for by some other disorder (APA). This is an area that I felt another disorder might need to be considered. The fact that Han has begun to speak less and less, given up his hobbies, has not interest in the newspaper or televisions could be cause to diagnosis him with Major Depressive Disorder due to Alzheimers with depressive features, 293. 83 (APA). This could be listed along with 294. 10 Dementia of the Alzheimers type with early onset.The early onset needs to be the specify subtype because is memory failure began before the age of 65. Counseling There is no treatment or cure for Alzheimers disease that will reverse the loss that this disease causes. The treatment that is used is to work the clients and their families to diminish agitiation and trespass in the patients. Also to help the family deal with the stress of caring for a family member who is suffering from this disease. As a counselor I would help this client reduce frustration and embarras sment that they might whole step because of this disease.In this type of situation I would see my professional services helping the family of the client. Taking care of a loved one that is suffering from Alzheimers can be stressful and demanding. Helping caregives learn how to suffering and cope the stress will benefit them along with the person they was caring for.References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). DSM-IV-TR. Arlington, VA Author. Butcher, J. N. , Mineka, S. , amp Hooley, J. M. (2010). Abnormal psychology (14th ed. ). Boston, MA Allyn amp Bacon.